Making 'Lost' Last, and Seeing It Home
AFTER six twisty seasons filled with time-traveling castaways, mysterious happenings on a tropical island, fervid arguments about faith versus reason and enough hook-ups and smackdowns to rival Craigslist and "Raw," "Lost" comes to an end on May 23. And on the first Monday of May, with just hours to go before the show runners Damon Lindelof and Carlton Cuse have to finish the final cut of the two-and-a-half-hour finale, the bungalow that houses the creative team of "Lost" on the Disney lot here had a forlorn air to it.
Most of the writers had been gone for weeks. Packed boxes lined the walls. Even the video arcade games in the common area ââ¬â Asteroids, Battlezone and Multicade ââ¬â were uprooted that morning and returned to their owner, J. J. Abrams, a creator of the show with Mr. Lindelof. But the simpatico team of Mr. Lindelof and Mr. Cuse, who joined early in the first season to help oversee the show, appeared upbeat despite a week of little sleep. Concluding the popular series may be bittersweet, but the two men are going out on their own terms, having persuaded ABC three years ago to grant them this creative closure even if the show were still riding high in the ratings.
Over breakfast (which they literally shared), Mr. Lindelof and Mr. Cuse spoke about the show's most important big theme, the role of fate in their own story telling and just how much of the ending was known from the beginning. Below are edited excerpts from the conversation.
Q. You both have decided to pull a David Chase: that like the creator of "The Sopranos," you weren't going to answer questions about the ending and the larger meanings of the series. Why did you make that decision?
CARLTON CUSE We've kind of done the same thing every other year too, which is, we haven't talked after the finale for some period of time because we want the audience to have a chance to digest the show and arrive at their own conclusions. We think it would be sort of enormously both presumptuous and frustrating for the audience to have someone say, "No, what you think is wrong because this is what Damon and Carlton said." We think one of the things that's been the coolest about "Lost" is that there's a lot of intentional ambiguity, and there's a lot of room for debate and discussion.
Q. Your show traffics in a lot of big themes ââ¬â fate versus free will, good versus evil, faith versus reason, how often Sawyer should be shirtless. Ultimately, what were the most important themes for you in this series?
DAMON LINDELOF If there's one word that we keep coming back to, it's redemption. It is that idea of everybody has something to be redeemed for and the idea that that redemption doesn't necessarily come from anywhere else other than internally. But in order to redeem yourself, you can only do it through a community. So the redemption theme started to kind of connect into "live together, die alone," which is that these people were all lone wolves who were complete strangers on an aircraft, even the ones who were flying together like Sun and Jin. Then let's bring them together and through their experiences together allow themselves to be redeemed. When the show is firing on all pistons, that's the kind of storytelling that we're doing.
I think we've always said that the characters of "Lost" are deeply flawed, but when you look at their flashback stories, they're all victims. Kate was a victim before she killed her stepfather. Sawyer's parents killed themselves as he was hiding under the bed. Jack's dad was a drunk who berated him as a child. Sayid was manipulated by the American government into torturing somebody else. John Locke had his kidney stolen. This idea of saying this bad thing happened to me and I'm a victim and it created some bad behavior and now I'm going to take responsibility for that and allow myself to be redeemed by community with other people, that seems to be the theme that we keep coming back to.
Q. These are big themes for not necessarily the most hospitable host, a network series. How do you find a way to work these themes in while dealing with the constraints of, you're not on cable channels like AMC or even HBO, you're on ABC, and you still need that significant audience?
CUSE I think it's because we always put the entertainment value first. While these ideas are very important to us, we try very hard to not be precious or pretentious about it. One of the concepts we always talk about is this idea of intensity ââ¬â that we want an episode of "Lost" to provide a very intense emotional journey, and it's funny because people who actually read our scripts are kind of amazed because they're incredibly blue. And this is because we are writing the show here in Burbank and we're sending it 3,000 miles electronically to Hawaii, and we want everyone who's prepping the show ââ¬â the directors who are directing the show and most of all the actors who are watching the show ââ¬â to understand that even though we're on network television and the characters can't say that word, it conjures for them a notion of intensity and kind of conviction to whatever the emotion is that we're trying to sell in a given scene. The thing that we actually do is we take the nemesis of network television ââ¬â the act structure ââ¬â and we try to turn it to our advantage. We have six commercial breaks in an episode of "Lost," and so our goal is when we're breaking stories, how are we going to really make each one of these commercial breaks really exciting. Those questions led to a lot of really intense scenes and cool reversals and surprises, and I guess it must have been how Dickens would cliffhanger the end of his serials in the newspaper when he was writing them to try to get people to show up the next day.
Q. When you look at even what an AMC can get away with "Mad Men," do you feel hindered as storytellers because you can't show that passion or express that language or really show some of the violence that you could otherwise?
LINDELOF There is a certain label that gets stuck on a show, even an HBO show, where it's sort of highfalutin. I really want to watch "Treme," but I also feel like it's going to be intellectual and intense and it's going to make me think, and I don't really look at it as entertainment first, I look at it as art first and then entertainment. We have no shame whatsoever ââ¬â in fact, we're quite proud of saying that our job is to entertain ââ¬â but if you start watching the show, these themes begin to permeate.
Q. One criticism of the show over the years has been that it throws all these big ideas in by giving characters names of philosophers: Hume, Rousseau Locke and the like. There's a concern you're just sort of tossing it into this gumbo and giving the show an intellectual veneer when those characters' actions and motivations don't correlate to their namesakes.
LINDELOF One of the things that we completely own is that in many ways "Lost" is a mash-up/remix of our favorite stories, whether that's Bible stories from Sunday school or "Narnia" or "Star Wars" or the writings of John Steinbeck. Carlton and I both had to take philosophy classes when we were in college, and we talk about philosophy, so when certain ideas started to present themselves on the show, we just wanted to let the audience know that these philosophers are in our lexicon as storytellers.
Q. The question I get most from readers and friends, beyond what it all means, is: How much did the writers and the creators know going in about how things were going to end?
LINDELOF In answering that question you have to bifurcate the creative construct of the mythology of the show and the series as a whole into two periods. The first period is where we didn't know how long the show was going to go for. So there's a certain degree of wheel spinning that Carlton and I have talked about ad nauseam in the Season 2, Season 3 period, where you could only do middle. We did have extensive conversations about certain mythological elements of the island: why these people couldn't be discovered; that we would do time-travel-related storytelling; and, most importantly, the Others on the island and their relationship with this character named Jacob and who he might be and what his relationship was with the island. Who would end up with who, who would live, who would die, who would make sacrifices. But none of those things could be implemented or talked about in any real way until we negotiated an end date.
CUSE The literal last scene of the show was something that we concocted very early on in the first season of the show. But the last episode is an amalgam of ideas that started with our first mythology conversations in the first season when we realized after the pilot came out and the ratings were huge that the show was going to go a long time.
At the end of each season we would sit down and we would have these writers minicamps for a month, where we would think in much more detail about what the sort of structure of the next season was, and then during the year we built the thing. And just like if you're building a house, there's a lot of change orders. We were testing various relationships out on the show, one of which was we had this idea: What if we put Sawyer and Juliet together? And we were very unsure, most of the other writers were unsure and the actors themselves were very dubious about whether there would be any success to this relationship, but our opinion was: Let's try it. And lo and behold, this thing blossomed forth that no one was expecting, which was there was sort of a mature kind of love between these two characters.
CUSE On the other hand, we had all these fantastic intentions for this character Mr. Eko, played by Adewale Akinnuoye-Agbaje. But the guy got down to Hawaii, his whole crew that he rolled with was in London, he was 8,000 miles away, and he hated being there. So we were forced to completely cut bait on Mr. Eko. It's not like J. K. Rowling; we don't control every aspect of our world. We work and collaborate with many other artists, and he didn't want to be on the show. Now, by pruning that branch, that ended up giving us room and space to do more with Michael Emerson's character, and so suddenly Ben sort of blossomed forth, perhaps sooner and maybe to a greater degree than he would have had we been servicing Mr. Eko. So, those are the kinds of things that we're kind of rolling with. We're kind of steering this ship towards these demarcation points, but the journey of that ship is completely influenced by our reaction to watching things we see and then real-world issues like actors and their happiness quotient or all sorts of other things.
Q. Michael Emerson was originally just signed for three episodes. Did you always have in mind that there was a leader of the Others and then, when he was doing so well, you made him the leader?
CUSE If we get into trouble we have to either improvise or we have built-in escape hatches. In the case of this story our idea was, wouldn't it be great if they capture a prisoner of war and that that prisoner of war, after he gets away, turns out that they actually had the leader? So then again, as our normal process, we thought about actors, and we had both remembered Michael Emerson from this turn he had done in "The Practice" playing the serial killer. We call him up in New York, he's walking down Fifth Avenue during a sleet storm, and said, "Hey, do you want to go to Hawaii for three episodes?" Emerson got down there, and he was so good and was so intriguing that we didn't want him to disappear from the show.
It was very apparent to us that we needed the leader of the Others. One of the hardest struggles on the show was to figure out what are the forces of antagonism, and we were kind of flying blind because "Lost" was not the 10th iteration of a cop show or a medical show or a legal show. So in the first season a lot of the work we were doing was basically, what does an episode of "Lost" look like? What is the paradigm of the show? And so you throw different things up at the wall, and eventually you start figuring out what is the shape and structure of an episode. At the beginning you kind of quickly exhaust the natural forces of antagonism ââ¬â you can only have your search for water or shelter, medication, things like that. But ultimately, particularly in a long, ongoing narrative like television, the only really interesting forces of opposition are other people. Obviously these other people on the island had to have a leader, and that character had to be incredibly compelling.
Q. Are there any episodes that you wish you could do over?
CUSE I would just say this: I think that our belief is that even our mistakes were necessary and that we learned as much from our failures as we did from our successes, so it's not fair to say we would take back the episode where Jack is flying the kite with Bai Ling; that was a necessary step in our growth and our learning process.
LINDELOF It was also Exhibit A in "the show has to end." I think if we hadn't stumbled we never would have been able to make the creative case for the series.
Q. What didn't work in that episode in your mind?
LINDELOF Where to begin. The first was that after we spent six episodes with Kate and Sawyer locked in the cages and they escaped, we had to lock Jack back up in the cages again just to slow down the storytelling again, and so you're like, "Wait, we've already done this." The second was we had to begin to explore the Others' culture, so we saw what a funeral looked like for them and that they had a sheriff.
CUSE The revelation of the flashback is how Jack got his tattoos. I mean, really? Where does that stand up in the kind of pantheon of what's important to the characters?
LINDELOF And this is the hero of our show that we have to do this with. So the mistakes had to happen, but we actually like talking about the worst episodes of the show because at the end of the day we made 121 hours or something like that of "Lost," and I would say that probably only like 15 of them were subpar/stinkers. That's not bad. If you're going to have 15 stinkers, that means that 15 of them are actually going to be awesome. You cannot have awesome episodes without stinkers. It would be nice.
CUSE It's like a roller coaster. You can't just have the exciting parts, you also have to have the clank, clank, clank climb up to the top before you get the whoosh down the backside.
LINDELOF The awesome ones were almost written in response to the stinkers.
Q. Last season you guys doubled down on the science fiction with the time travel, and this year you introduced a much more religious overview. What drove that shift?
CUSE We view each season of the show like a book in a series, and so last year was the time travel book, and that story had a beginning, middle and end. This season is significantly spiritual. We felt the mission of the final season of the show was to bring the show full circle. And that if we were going to be discussing what was really important to us, which was how do these characters' journeys conclude, that journey is a spiritual journey.
Q. As you look back, what do you think were the episodes or the character relationships that resonated most with your audience?
CUSE It's far more about the character relationships that resonate. The thing is that people talk a lot about the mythology of "Lost," but we probably spent 85 percent of our time in the writers' room talking about the characters, and I think that's why the show was a broad audience show as opposed to a genre show. While the mythology was important, first and foremost the show was about the characters. I think that a lot of people care much more about what's going to happen to Kate. Is she going to end up with Jack, is she going to end up with Sawyer? That's why we feel like a lot of shows that have tried to imitate "Lost" make the fundamental mistake of having the characters just focus on the mythology. If you watch certain shows like that, you'll see all the characters are talking about is, "What's that dinosaur in my bathtub?"
Q. Which shows might you be talking about?
LINDELOF [After some laughter] "Surface."
Q. The episodes that seem to have resonated most with viewers are ones involving Desmond and Penny, particularly the Constant episode in Season 4. What made writing that so satisfying?
LINDELOF The thing about that episode is it's very simple storytelling, but very, very complicated storytelling at the same time. The simple part is that this episode is called "The Constant," and the whole point of it is, is that there is somebody else out there that is your other half. And again, it plugged into, in this very sort of obvious way, this theme that we were discussing earlier, which is: Nobody can do it alone. Desmond was unhooked or lost, he was a castaway bopping around through time, and his only possible salvation was finding the woman that he loved and telling her so and saying, "I need you to rescue me because I'm lost." This fundamentally tapped into every single theme of the show. You're basically saying emotion trumps mythology.
Carlton and I have long said that when the characters were stuck in cages at the beginning of the third season metaphorically, we were stuck in cages. But the metaphor that we rarely talk about but plays even better is that Desmond's our boy, and the reason he's our boy is because for that year we felt like we were pushing the button every 108 minutes or the world would end. And so when he ran away in the third episode and basically said, "You guys push the button now," we were setting him free. He was sailing around the island trying to escape in the Season 2 finale, he washes up, and it will just not let him go. In many ways Desmond is the guy that we identify with because he brought them to the island. So Penny represented our salvation too. The idea that there was a happy ending for this guy, so whenever we write Desmond episodes there's this real sense of identification. As much as we love Sawyer, I cannot identify with Sawyer in any way because he's so much cooler than I am.
Q. What are you guys trying to accomplish this year with the sideways world, a parallel existence seemingly caused by the explosion of a hydrogen bomb at the end of Season 5?
CUSE To answer that question would be to spoil the show, and that's also one of those questions that we feel is going to be a really healthy and cool debate when the show is over. There is a conclusion to the sideways story, but it's one that we feel will provoke discussion.
Q. Do you think a show like yours ââ¬â big budget, serialized, very intense, lots of characters ââ¬â can still work on network television?
CUSE One of the nostalgic elements of experiencing the end of "Lost" is that I also think it's the end of an era. The media landscape has changed dramatically even in the six years of this show. Here we are, we're shooting a show, there are somewhere between 425 people who work on the show, 325 in Hawaii and 100 here in Los Angeles, we shot the show on Panavision, 35-millimeter film, we had two full crews ââ¬â the scale and the scope and the size of this, this is the most expensive television series made anywhere in the world. And in this media landscape, it's incredibly hard to capitalize something the way "Lost" has been capitalized. We have a fractured media environment, and there are many more choices, but as a result there are smaller resources for every show that gets made, and so we feel a little bit like we're blacksmiths in the Internet era. It's kind of sad because we are big fans of action-adventure and genre and things like that. And when you see the "Lost" finale, it's like a movie, and just as fans of television, it's sad to realize that there just won't be that many rolls of the dice of this size and scope.